| 1 | <!doctype html> |
| 2 | <html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"> |
| 3 | <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> |
| 4 | <title>Finding 07: Missing Signature Verification in Offline ECDSA | Zion Boggan</title> |
| 5 | <meta name="description" content="Offline-ECDSA path accepts unverified signature shares."> |
| 6 | <link rel="icon" href="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Crect width='32' height='32' rx='6' fill='%230c0e12'/%3E%3Ctext x='16' y='22' font-family='monospace' font-size='15' fill='%236cc7b8' text-anchor='middle'%3Ezb%3C/text%3E%3C/svg%3E"> |
| 7 | <style> |
| 8 | :root{ |
| 9 | --bg:#0c0e12; --bg2:#0f1217; --panel:#14181f; --panel2:#171c24; |
| 10 | --line:#222936; --line2:#2c3543; |
| 11 | --ink:#e8eaed; --soft:#c3cad4; --muted:#8a94a3; --faint:#5d6675; |
| 12 | --accent:#6cc7b8; --accent-dim:#274b47; |
| 13 | --maxw:1020px; |
| 14 | } |
| 15 | *{box-sizing:border-box;} |
| 16 | html{scroll-behavior:smooth;} |
| 17 | body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink); |
| 18 | font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; |
| 19 | font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;} |
| 20 | .mono{font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,"SF Mono",Menlo,Consolas,monospace;} |
| 21 | a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;} |
| 22 | a:hover{color:#8fe0d2;} |
| 23 | .wrap{max-width:var(--maxw);margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px;} |
| 24 | |
| 25 | /* nav */ |
| 26 | nav{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;background:rgba(12,14,18,.82); |
| 27 | backdrop-filter:blur(10px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);} |
| 28 | nav .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;height:58px;} |
| 29 | nav .brand{font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.2px;} |
| 30 | nav .brand .dot{color:var(--accent);} |
| 31 | nav .links{display:flex;gap:26px;font-size:13.5px;} |
| 32 | nav .links a{color:var(--muted);} |
| 33 | nav .links a:hover{color:var(--ink);} |
| 34 | @media(max-width:680px){nav .links{display:none;}} |
| 35 | |
| 36 | /* hero */ |
| 37 | header.hero{padding:74px 0 54px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); |
| 38 | background:radial-gradient(900px 380px at 78% -10%, #11201e 0%, transparent 60%);} |
| 39 | .avail{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent); |
| 40 | display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;margin-bottom:20px;} |
| 41 | .avail .pulse{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent); |
| 42 | box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(108,199,184,.5);animation:p 2.4s infinite;} |
| 43 | @keyframes p{0%{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(108,199,184,.45)}70%{box-shadow:0 0 0 8px rgba(108,199,184,0)}100%{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(108,199,184,0)}} |
| 44 | h1{font-size:clamp(34px,6vw,52px);line-height:1.05;margin:0 0 8px;letter-spacing:-1px;font-weight:680;} |
| 45 | .hero .sub{font-size:clamp(16px,2.4vw,20px);color:var(--soft);margin:0 0 24px;font-weight:500;} |
| 46 | .hero .lede{max-width:660px;color:var(--soft);font-size:17px;margin:0 0 28px;} |
| 47 | .hero .lede b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;} |
| 48 | .cta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;align-items:center;} |
| 49 | .btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:10px 18px;border-radius:8px; |
| 50 | font-size:14.5px;font-weight:550;border:1px solid var(--line2);color:var(--ink);background:var(--panel);} |
| 51 | .btn:hover{border-color:var(--accent-dim);background:var(--panel2);color:var(--ink);} |
| 52 | .btn.primary{background:var(--accent);color:#06231f;border-color:var(--accent);font-weight:650;} |
| 53 | .btn.primary:hover{background:#8fe0d2;color:#06231f;} |
| 54 | .meta{margin-top:26px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 22px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);} |
| 55 | .meta .mono{color:var(--faint);} |
| 56 | |
| 57 | /* sections */ |
| 58 | section{padding:64px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);} |
| 59 | .shead{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:14px;margin-bottom:30px;} |
| 60 | .shead .idx{font-size:13px;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:1px;} |
| 61 | .shead h2{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:0;font-weight:600;} |
| 62 | .shead .rule{flex:1;height:1px;background:var(--line);} |
| 63 | |
| 64 | /* flagship */ |
| 65 | .flag{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--panel) 0%,var(--bg2) 100%); |
| 66 | border:1px solid var(--line2);border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden;} |
| 67 | .flag .top{padding:30px 32px 8px;} |
| 68 | .flag .tag{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:12px;} |
| 69 | .flag h3{font-size:27px;margin:0 0 6px;letter-spacing:-.4px;} |
| 70 | .flag h3 .v{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);font-weight:500;margin-left:8px;letter-spacing:0;} |
| 71 | .flag .grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.25fr 1fr;gap:30px;padding:14px 32px 30px;} |
| 72 | .flag p{color:var(--soft);margin:0 0 16px;} |
| 73 | .flag .stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px;margin-top:6px;} |
| 74 | .stat{background:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:9px;padding:13px 15px;} |
| 75 | .stat .n{font-size:21px;font-weight:680;color:var(--ink);} |
| 76 | .stat .k{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:2px;} |
| 77 | .spec{background:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:18px 18px;} |
| 78 | .spec .sk{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);margin-bottom:10px;} |
| 79 | .spec ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;font-size:13.5px;} |
| 80 | .spec li{padding:6px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--soft);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;} |
| 81 | .spec li:first-child{border-top:none;} |
| 82 | .spec li span{color:var(--muted);} |
| 83 | .flag .foot{padding:0 32px 28px;display:flex;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:14px;} |
| 84 | @media(max-width:720px){.flag .grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}} |
| 85 | |
| 86 | /* lab cards */ |
| 87 | .cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;} |
| 88 | @media(max-width:680px){.cards{grid-template-columns:1fr;}} |
| 89 | .card{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--panel); |
| 90 | display:flex;flex-direction:column;transition:border-color .15s,transform .15s;} |
| 91 | .card:hover{border-color:var(--accent-dim);transform:translateY(-2px);} |
| 92 | .card .thumb{height:172px;overflow:hidden;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;} |
| 93 | .card .thumb img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:top left;display:block;} |
| 94 | .card .body{padding:18px 20px 20px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1;} |
| 95 | .card h3{margin:0 0 9px;font-size:17px;} |
| 96 | .card p{margin:0 0 14px;font-size:14px;color:var(--soft);flex:1;} |
| 97 | .tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin-bottom:14px;} |
| 98 | .tags span{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--muted);background:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--line); |
| 99 | border-radius:5px;padding:3px 8px;} |
| 100 | .card .lnk{font-size:13.5px;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;} |
| 101 | .card .lnk::after{content:" โ";} |
| 102 | |
| 103 | /* research */ |
| 104 | .rlede{color:var(--soft);max-width:680px;margin:-6px 0 26px;} |
| 105 | .research{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;} |
| 106 | .ritem{display:grid;grid-template-columns:120px 1fr auto;gap:18px;align-items:center; |
| 107 | padding:18px 22px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);} |
| 108 | .ritem:first-child{border-top:none;} |
| 109 | .ritem:hover{background:var(--panel);} |
| 110 | .ritem .cls{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.5px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);} |
| 111 | .ritem h3{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:16px;} |
| 112 | .ritem p{margin:0;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted);} |
| 113 | .ritem .go{font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:13px;white-space:nowrap;} |
| 114 | @media(max-width:680px){.ritem{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:6px;}.ritem .go{margin-top:4px;}} |
| 115 | .progs{margin-top:22px;} |
| 116 | .progs .sk{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);margin-bottom:11px;} |
| 117 | .progs .row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:7px;} |
| 118 | .progs .row span{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--soft);background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--line); |
| 119 | border-radius:6px;padding:4px 10px;} |
| 120 | |
| 121 | /* credentials */ |
| 122 | .cred{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:28px;} |
| 123 | @media(max-width:680px){.cred{grid-template-columns:1fr;}} |
| 124 | .cred p{color:var(--soft);margin:0 0 14px;} |
| 125 | .cred .role{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);} |
| 126 | .cred .role b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;} |
| 127 | .certs{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;} |
| 128 | .certs li{padding:9px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;color:var(--soft); |
| 129 | display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:baseline;} |
| 130 | .certs li:first-child{border-top:none;} |
| 131 | .certs li .c{color:var(--accent);font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:12px;} |
| 132 | |
| 133 | footer{padding:46px 0 64px;} |
| 134 | footer .row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;align-items:center;} |
| 135 | footer .links a{color:var(--soft);margin-right:20px;font-size:14px;} |
| 136 | footer .note{color:var(--faint);font-size:12.5px;max-width:520px;} |
| 137 | |
| 138 | .detail-hero{padding:40px 0 26px;} |
| 139 | .back{display:inline-block;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:20px;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;} |
| 140 | .back:hover{color:var(--ink);} |
| 141 | .kicker{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:13px;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;} |
| 142 | .detail-hero h1{font-size:clamp(26px,4.6vw,38px);margin:0 0 12px;letter-spacing:-.5px;} |
| 143 | .detail-hero .tagline{font-size:clamp(15px,2vw,18px);color:var(--soft);max-width:800px;margin:0 0 16px;} |
| 144 | .facts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px;margin-top:22px;} |
| 145 | .content{padding:8px 0 0;max-width:840px;} |
| 146 | .content h1{font-size:24px;margin:40px 0 14px;letter-spacing:-.4px;color:var(--ink);} |
| 147 | .content h2{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:42px 0 15px;font-weight:600;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:28px;} |
| 148 | .content h3{font-size:17px;margin:28px 0 10px;color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;} |
| 149 | .content h4{font-size:14px;margin:22px 0 8px;color:var(--soft);font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.5px;} |
| 150 | .content p{color:var(--soft);margin:0 0 15px;} |
| 151 | .content ul,.content ol{color:var(--soft);margin:0 0 15px;padding-left:22px;} |
| 152 | .content li{margin:5px 0;} |
| 153 | .content strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;} |
| 154 | .content a{color:var(--accent);} |
| 155 | .content code{font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:12.8px;background:var(--panel2);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;color:var(--soft);} |
| 156 | .content pre{background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line2);border-radius:10px;padding:15px 18px;overflow-x:auto;margin:0 0 18px;} |
| 157 | .content pre code{background:none;border:none;padding:0;font-size:12.4px;color:var(--soft);line-height:1.6;white-space:pre;} |
| 158 | .content table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:2px 0 20px;font-size:13.3px;} |
| 159 | .content th{text-align:left;color:var(--muted);font-weight:600;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line2);padding:9px 12px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.6px;text-transform:uppercase;} |
| 160 | .content td{color:var(--soft);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:9px 12px;vertical-align:top;} |
| 161 | .content blockquote{border-left:3px solid var(--accent-dim);margin:0 0 16px;padding:2px 0 2px 18px;color:var(--muted);} |
| 162 | .content hr{border:none;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:30px 0;} |
| 163 | /* notebook index */ |
| 164 | .nbgroup{margin:40px 0 0;} |
| 165 | .nbgroup h2{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin:0 0 4px;font-weight:600;} |
| 166 | .nbgroup .gd{color:var(--faint);font-size:13px;margin:0 0 14px;} |
| 167 | .nbtable{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;} |
| 168 | .nbtable tr{border-top:1px solid var(--line);} |
| 169 | .nbtable tr:first-child{border-top:none;} |
| 170 | .nbtable tr:hover{background:var(--panel);} |
| 171 | .nbtable td{padding:14px 16px;vertical-align:top;} |
| 172 | .nbtable .cls{white-space:nowrap;color:var(--accent);font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:11.5px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.5px;width:150px;} |
| 173 | .nbtable .ti a{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);} |
| 174 | .nbtable .ti a:hover{color:var(--accent);} |
| 175 | .nbtable .ol{color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;margin-top:3px;} |
| 176 | @media(max-width:680px){.nbtable .cls{width:auto;display:block;}} |
| 177 | </style> |
| 178 | <link rel="canonical" href="https://zionboggan.com/security-research-notebook/07-offline-ecdsa-no-sig-verify-P3/"> |
| 179 | <meta name="author" content="Zion Boggan"> |
| 180 | <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-image-preview:large"> |
| 181 | <meta property="og:type" content="article"> |
| 182 | <meta property="og:site_name" content="Zion Boggan"> |
| 183 | <meta property="og:title" content="Finding 07: Missing Signature Verification in Offline ECDSA | Zion Boggan"> |
| 184 | <meta property="og:description" content="Offline-ECDSA path accepts unverified signature shares."> |
| 185 | <meta property="og:url" content="https://zionboggan.com/security-research-notebook/07-offline-ecdsa-no-sig-verify-P3/"> |
| 186 | <meta property="og:image" content="https://zionboggan.com/assets/og-default.png"> |
| 187 | <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> |
| 188 | <meta name="twitter:title" content="Finding 07: Missing Signature Verification in Offline ECDSA | Zion Boggan"> |
| 189 | <meta name="twitter:description" content="Offline-ECDSA path accepts unverified signature shares."> |
| 190 | <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://zionboggan.com/assets/og-default.png"> |
| 191 | <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"TechArticle","headline":"Finding 07: Missing Signature Verification in Offline ECDSA","description":"Offline-ECDSA path accepts unverified signature shares.","url":"https://zionboggan.com/security-research-notebook/07-offline-ecdsa-no-sig-verify-P3/","image":"https://zionboggan.com/assets/og-default.png","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Zion Boggan","url":"https://zionboggan.com"},"publisher":{"@type":"Person","name":"Zion Boggan"}}</script> |
| 192 | </head><body> |
| 193 | <nav><div class="wrap"> |
| 194 | <a class="brand mono" href="/" style="color:var(--ink)">zion_boggan<span class="dot">.</span></a> |
| 195 | <span class="links"><a href="/#oversight">Oversight</a><a href="/#labs">Labs</a><a href="/#research">Research</a><a href="/security-research-notebook/">Notebook</a><a href="/">Home</a></span> |
| 196 | </div></nav> |
| 197 | <header class="hero detail-hero"><div class="wrap"> |
| 198 | <a class="back" href="/security-research-notebook/">← Research notebook</a> |
| 199 | <div class="kicker">Crypto soundness</div> |
| 200 | <h1>Finding 07: Missing Signature Verification in Offline ECDSA</h1> |
| 201 | </div></header> |
| 202 | <section><div class="wrap"><div class="content"> |
| 203 | <h2>Severity: P3 (Medium), Invalid signatures returned silently</h2> |
| 204 | <h2>Summary</h2> |
| 205 | <p>The offline ECDSA signing path combines partial signatures but does NOT verify the final result. A malicious cosigner can submit a corrupted partial <code>s_i</code> producing an invalid combined signature returned without error. The online path explicitly calls <code>GFp_curve_algebra_verify_signature()</code> before returning.</p> |
| 206 | <h2>Location</h2> |
| 207 | <ul> |
| 208 | <li><strong>File:</strong> <code>src/common/cosigner/cmp_ecdsa_offline_signing_service.cpp</code>, lines 425-447</li> |
| 209 | <li><strong>Missing:</strong> Final signature verification (present in online path at <code>cmp_ecdsa_online_signing_service.cpp:483</code>)</li> |
| 210 | </ul> |
| 211 | <h2>Remediation</h2> |
| 212 | <p>Add <code>algebra->verify()</code> call after signature combination in the offline path.</p> |
| 213 | <hr><p style="color:var(--faint);font-size:12.5px;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace">Source · github.com/zionboggan/security-research-notebook · writeups/fireblocks/07-offline-ecdsa-no-sig-verify-P3.md</p> |
| 214 | </div></div></section> |
| 215 | <footer><div class="wrap row"> |
| 216 | <div class="links"><a href="/">Portfolio</a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/zion-boggan">LinkedIn</a><a href="/security-research-notebook/">Notebook</a><a href="mailto:zionboggan0@gmail.com">Email</a></div> |
| 217 | <div class="note">Coordinated-disclosure research. Findings appear here only after the program's disclosure window closed, the patch shipped, or a CVE was published. No customer data was accessed.</div> |
| 218 | </div></footer> |
| 219 | </body></html> |